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AmigaCOMAL-COMMON BASIC KEYWORDS!
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Assembled from AmigaCOMAL floppy disk Version 2.0
{Credits: Comal Today, USA}
15:11 04.10.2025
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Edited and assambled: by www.lived.ch
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NOTE 1: 
COMMON BASIC KEYWORDS are not part of any
Comal Package. They are built-in and available
directly, without involving the USE {Package} to
link {connected} the package with to source code.

NOTE 2:
These are AmigaCOMAL v2.0 Keywords, but i strongly
assume not much was change in that area and it
should be compatible.
Package Keywords are downloadable as a separate
file for AmigaCOMAL v1.4. Check www.lived.ch
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In case you want to start with AmigaCOMAL coding,
this is pure gold!
-------------------------------------------------


0010 REPEAT  
0020   INPUT "number (0 to stop): ": num 
0030   IF abs(num)<>num THEN PRINT "that is negative" 
0040   absnum:=abs(num) 
0050   PRINT "absolute value of";num;"is";absnum 
0060 UNTIL num=0 
0070 END "Done"


0010 PRINT "ACS is Arccosine." 
0020 PRINT "Sorry, but I can't get my example to work." 
0030  // print acs(9)


0010 PRINT "ALLOCATE(new@) ..." 
0020 PRINT "See Chapter 3.6 in the manual." 


0010 word1$:="captain"; word2$:="comal" 
0020 REPEAT  
0030   PRINT "What letter appears in both" 
0040   PRINT word1$;"&";word2$ 
0050   INPUT guess$ 
0060 UNTIL (guess$ IN word1$) AND (guess$ IN word2$) 
0070 END "Done" 


0010 PRINT "AND THEN is not part of Common COMAL." 
0020 PRINT "and is not included in AmigaCOMAL." 


0010 filename$:="visitor.dat" 
0020 OPEN FILE 2,filename$,APPEND  
0030 LOOP  
0040   INPUT "Visitor Name ("" to end): ": name$ 
0050   EXIT WHEN name$=""  
0060   WRITE FILE 2: name$ 
0070 ENDLOOP  
0080 CLOSE FILE 2  
0090 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "AmigaCOMAL was started from";argarray$(-1) 
0030 PRINT "The name used was";argarray$(0) 
0040 IF argnum>0 THEN  
0050   PRINT "These parameters were passed:" 
0060   FOR x:=1 TO argnum DO  
0070     PRINT x;argarray$(x) 
0080   ENDFOR x 
0090 ELSE  
0100   PRINT "There were no parameters passed." 
0110 ENDIF  
0120 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 IF argnum>0 THEN  
0030   PRINT "You passed";argnum;"parameters." 
0040 ELSE  
0050   PRINT "No paramenters were passed to COMAL." 
0060 ENDIF


0010 PRINT "ASN is Arcsine." 
0020 PRINT "Sorry, but I can't get my example to work." 
0030  // print asn(9)


0010  // using AT without specifying row/col
0020  // giving protected input fields!
0030 page 
0040 INPUT AT 0,0,2: "Enter the current hour: ": hour$ 
0050 PRINT hour$;"O'Clock" 
0060 PRINT "Next enter (digits only) your" 
0070 ssn$:=spc$(9) //space fill init
0080 INPUT AT 0,0,9: "Social Security Num: ": ssn$(1:9) 
0090 PRINT ssn$(1:3),"-",ssn$(4:5),"-",ssn$(6:9) 
0100 INPUT AT 0,0,1: "Yes or No? ": reply$; 
0110 CASE reply$ OF  
0120 WHEN "y","Y" 
0130   PRINT "Yes" 
0140 WHEN "n","N" 
0150   PRINT "No" 
0160 OTHERWISE  
0170   PRINT "Error" 
0180 ENDCASE  
0190 END "Done"


0010 LOOP  
0020   INPUT "Number (0 to end): ": num 
0030   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0040   PRINT "arctangent of";num;"is";atn(num) 
0050 ENDLOOP  
0060 END "Done" 


0010 PRINT "AUTO is used to start" 
0020 PRINT "automatic line numbering" 
0030 PRINT "while entering a program." 


0010 USE SYSTEM 
0020 LOOP 5 TIMES  
0030   num1:=rnd(1,255); num2:=rnd(1,255) 
0040   PRINT bin$(num1);"BITAND";bin$(num2) 
0050   PRINT bin$(num1 BITAND num2) 
0060   PRINT  
0070 ENDLOOP  
0080 END "Done" 


0010  //chart of BITAND BITOR BITXOR operations
0020 USE SYSTEM 
0030 ZONE 4 
0040 page 
0050 PRINT " A   B  ||  AND OR  XOR" 
0060 FOR a:=%0 TO %11 DO  
0070   FOR b:=%0 TO %11 DO  
0080     PRINT bin$(a);bin$(b);"||"; 
0090     PRINT bin$(a BITAND b); 
0100     PRINT bin$(a BITOR b); 
0110     PRINT bin$(a BITXOR b) 
0120   ENDFOR b 
0130 ENDFOR a 
0140 END "Done" 


0010  //chart of BITAND BITOR BITXOR operations
0020 DIM binary$(0:3) OF 2 
0030 binary$(%0):="00"; binary$(%1):="01" 
0040 binary$(%10):="10"; binary$(%11):="11" 
0050 page 
0060 PRINT " A  B ||AND OR XOR" 
0070 FOR a:=%0 TO %11 DO  
0080   FOR b:=%0 TO %11 DO  
0090     PRINT binary$(a);binary$(b);"||"; 
0100     PRINT binary$(a BITAND b); 
0110     PRINT binary$(a BITOR b); 
0120     PRINT binary$(a BITXOR b) 
0130   ENDFOR b 
0140 ENDFOR a 
0150 END "Done" 


0010 PRINT "BYE is used to quit COMAL." 
0020 PRINT "You also may use the drop down MENU" 
0030 PRINT "or click on the close window gadget." 


0010 REPEAT  
0020   INPUT "How many did you eat? ": num 
0030 UNTIL num>=0 
0040 CASE num OF  
0050 WHEN 0 
0060   PRINT "You might starve." 
0070 WHEN 1 
0080   PRINT "Just an appetizer." 
0090 WHEN 2,3 
0100   PRINT "Not bad. I ate about that many." 
0110 WHEN 4,5,6 
0120   PRINT "Big eater, huh." 
0130 OTHERWISE  
0140   PRINT "I won't pay the bill." 
0150 ENDCASE  
0160 END "Done" 


0010 PRINT "CAT is converted to DIR." 
0020 PRINT "It gives a disk catalog." 
0030 DIR  // this was typed in as CAT


0010 PRINT "CD is converted to CHDIR for you." 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "E - Edit data" 
0030 PRINT "I - Input new data" 
0040 PRINT "P - Printout data" 
0050 PRINT "Q - Quit" 
0060 LOOP  
0070   INPUT "Your choice? ": reply$ 
0080   CASE reply$ OF  
0090   WHEN "e","E" 
0100     CHAIN "editdata" 
0110   WHEN "i","I" 
0120     CHAIN "indata" 
0130   WHEN "p","P" 
0140     CHAIN "printout" 
0150   WHEN "q","Q" 
0160     END "Done" 
0170   OTHERWISE  
0180     PRINT "Enter E, I, P, or Q" 
0190   ENDCASE  
0200 ENDLOOP  


0010 PRINT "CHANGE is an editing command." 
0020 PRINT "It will search a program in memory" 
0030 PRINT "and replace part of a program line" 
0040 PRINT "with a new part." 
0050 PRINT "With this program try this:" 
0060 PRINT "CHANGE ""program"",""setup""" 
0070 PRINT "Use <CTRL> + <C> to repeat the command" 
0080 PRINT "after the first line. Hit <ENTER> on the" 
0090 PRINT "line first if you wish to make the change." 
0100 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 current$:=dir$ //remember current directory
0030 CHDIR "/" // go to root directory
0040 PRINT "This is the contents of the ROOT directory:" 
0050 DIR  
0060 CHDIR current$ 
0070 PRINT "Back to your original directory:" 
0080 DIR  
0090 END "Done" 


0010 FOR x:=ord("a") TO ord("g") DO  
0020   PRINT x;chr$(x) 
0030 ENDFOR x 
0040 END "Done" 


0010 CLOSE  // make sure all files are closed
0020 outfile:=freefile; player$:="Amy"; hiscore:=58 
0030 PRINT player$;"has the high score of";hiscore 
0040 OPEN FILE outfile,"scores.dat",WRITE  
0050 WRITE FILE outfile: player$,hiscore 
0060 CLOSE FILE outfile  
0070 END "Done" 


0010 test:=1 // <<---main program variable
0020 PRINT "Main TEST is";test 
0030 sample 
0040 PRINT "Main TEST still is";test 
0050 END "Done" 
0060 PROC sample CLOSED 
0070   test:=2 // <<---no conflict with main
0080   PRINT "Inside SAMPLE. TEST here is";test 
0090 ENDPROC  


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "COPY will copy a file. If an" 
0030 PRINT "icon file exists for the file, it" 
0040 PRINT "too will be copied." 
0050 END "Done" 


0010 LOOP 5 TIMES  
0020   angle:=rnd(1,100) 
0030   PRINT "Cosine of";angle;"is";cos(angle) 
0040 ENDLOOP  
0050 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "CREATE will create a random acces" 
0030 PRINT "file with the number of blank records" 
0040 PRINT "you specify. Each record will be of the" 
0050 PRINT "size you specified." 
0060 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Enter text" 
0030 INPUT text$; // ; prevents carriage return
0040 PRINT "<",curcol,">" 
0050 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 FOR rows:=1 TO 10 DO PRINT "line";currow 
0030 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Hit any keys. Hit X to eXit" 
0030 LOOP  
0040   hit$:=key$ 
0050   EXIT WHEN hit$ IN "Xx"  
0060   CURSOR 5,5 
0070   PRINT hit$ 
0080 ENDLOOP  
0090 END "Done" 


0010 RESTORE NAMES 
0020 REPEAT  
0030   READ age,name$ 
0040   PRINT name$;"is";age;"years old." 
0050 UNTIL eod 
0060 END "Done" 
0070  //
0080 INFO:  
0090 DATA "skip this data item" 
0100 NAMES:  
0110 DATA 28,"Waldo",42,"Hilda",57 
0120 DATA "Joe ""The Cat"" Baker",6 
0130 DATA "Tiny" 


0010 page 
0016 today$:=date$ 
0020 year$:=today$(3:4) 
0030 month$:=today$(6:7) 
0040 day$:=today$(9:10) 
0050 PRINT month$,"/",day$,"/",year$ 
0060 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "DEALLOCATE ... see Chapter 3.6" 
0030 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "DEL is a command to delete" 
0030 PRINT "lines in the program in memory." 
0040 PRINT "You may delete ranges of lines" 
0050 PRINT "by specifying the starting and" 
0060 PRINT "ending line numbers, or by" 
0070 PRINT "using the procedure or function" 
0080 PRINT "name." 
0090 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Delete files program." 
0030 PRINT "For";dir$ 
0040 LOOP  
0050   PRINT "Filename? (Q to Quit)" 
0060   INPUT filename$; 
0070   EXIT WHEN filename$ IN "Qq"  
0080   DELETE filename$ 
0090   PRINT "<deleted>" //even if not there
0100 ENDLOOP  
0110 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 INPUT "Low limit? ": lo 
0030 INPUT "High limit?": hi 
0040 DIM score(lo:hi) 
0050 LOOP  
0060   INPUT "Enter score (0=stop): ": num 
0070   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0080   IF num>=lo AND num<=hi THEN  
0090     score(num):+1 
0100   ELSE  
0110     PRINT "Out of range." 
0120   ENDIF  
0130 ENDLOOP  
0140 FOR num:=lo TO hi DO  
0150   IF score(num)>0 THEN  
0160     PRINT "score";num;"occurs";score(num);"times." 
0170   ENDIF  
0180 ENDFOR num 
0190 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Directory for";dir$ 
0030 DIR  
0040 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "DISCARD is a command that" 
0030 PRINT "removes packages from memory." 
0040 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "DISPLAY lists the program in" 
0030 PRINT "memory without line numbers." 
0040 PRINT "Include a file name and it" 
0050 PRINT "will be displayed to disk." 
0060 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Enter 0 as 1st number to stop." 
0030 LOOP  
0040   INPUT "Number: ": num1 
0050   EXIT WHEN num1=0  
0060   INPUT "Divided by: ": num2 
0070   PRINT num1;"divided by";num2;"is"; 
0080   PRINT num1 DIV num2; 
0090   IF num1 MOD num2 THEN PRINT "REM";num1 MOD num2; 
0100   PRINT  //carriage return
0110 ENDLOOP  
0120 END "Done" 


0010 DIM reply$ OF 1 // limit to one character
0020 REPEAT  
0030   PRINT "Enter Capital letter (* to stop)" 
0040   INPUT reply$; 
0050   IF reply$ IN "AEIOU" THEN  
0060     PRINT "vowel" 
0070   ELIF reply$ IN "BCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZ" THEN  
0080     PRINT "consonant" 
0090   ELIF reply$ IN "0123456789" THEN  
0100     PRINT "digit" 
0110   ELSE  
0120     PRINT "other" 
0130   ENDIF  
0140 UNTIL reply$="*" 
0150 END "Done" 


0010 DIM choice$ OF 1 
0020 REPEAT  
0030   INPUT "Yes or No?": choice$ 
0040   IF choice$ IN "Yy" THEN  
0050     PRINT "Yes it is." 
0060   ELIF choice$ IN "Nn" THEN  
0070     PRINT "Nope." 
0080   ELSE  
0090     PRINT "Try again." 
0100   ENDIF  
0110 UNTIL choice$ IN "YyNn" 


0010 PRINT "Running program." 
0020 END "Done" 
0030 PRINT "This line does not print" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM choice$ OF 1 // limit to 1 char
0030 LOOP  
0040   INPUT "Your choice (A,S,H,Q): ": choice$; 
0050   CASE choice$ OF  
0060   WHEN "A","a" 
0070     PRINT "Add" 
0080   WHEN "S","s" 
0090     PRINT "Subtract" 
0100   WHEN "H","h" 
0110     PRINT "Help" 
0120     PRINT "A=Add, S=Subtract, Q=Quit" 
0130   WHEN "Q","q" 
0140     EXIT  
0150   OTHERWISE  
0160     PRINT "Try again." 
0170   ENDCASE  
0180 ENDLOOP  
0190 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 FOR num1:=1 TO 3 DO  
0030   FOR num2:=3 TO 4 DO  
0040     PRINT num1;"plus";num2;"is";num1+num2 
0050   ENDFOR num2 
0060 ENDFOR num1 
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   INPUT "What number (0=stop): ": number 
0040   EXIT WHEN number=0  
0050   IF even(number) THEN  
0060     PRINT number;"is an even number." 
0070   ELSE  
0080     PRINT number;"is an odd number." 
0090   ENDIF  
0100 ENDLOOP  
0110 END "Done" 
0120  //
0130 FUNC even(num) 
0140   IF num MOD 2 THEN  
0150     RETURN false 
0160   ELSE  
0170     RETURN true 
0180   ENDIF  
0190 ENDFUNC even


0010 page 
0020 number:=rnd(1,10) //random integer between 1 and 10
0030 trys:=0; lows:=0; highs:=0 
0040 REPEAT  
0050   INPUT "Your guess: ": guess; 
0060   trys:+1 // increment trys counter
0070   IF guess<number THEN  
0080     PRINT "too low." 
0090     lows:+1 // increment lows count
0100   ELIF guess>number THEN  
0110     PRINT "too high." 
0120     highs:+1 // increment highs count
0130   ENDIF  
0140 UNTIL guess=number 
0150 PRINT "Yes." 
0160 PRINT trys;"guesses." 
0170 PRINT "Guesses too low: ";lows 
0180 PRINT "Guesses too high:";highs 
0190 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 errors:=0 
0030 PRINT "Practice Adding" 
0040 LOOP  
0050   num1:=rnd(1,10); num2:=rnd(1,10) 
0060   PRINT num1;"+";num2; 
0070   INPUT answer; 
0080   IF answer=num1+num2 THEN  
0090     PRINT "Yes" 
0100   ELSE  
0110     PRINT "No" 
0120     errors:+1 
0130     EXIT WHEN errors>1  
0140     PRINT "We allow only one error." 
0150   ENDIF  
0160   PRINT "Here is another question:" 
0170 ENDLOOP  
0180 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 INPUT "Hi. What is your name? ": name$ 
0030 welcome(name$) 
0040 END "Done" 
0050  //
0060 PROC welcome(n$) 
0070   PRINT "Welcome to COMAL,";n$ 
0080   PRINT "Hope you enjoy it." 
0090 ENDPROC welcome 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "ENDRECORD ... see Chapter 3.3" 
0030 PRINT "for explanation." 
0040 END "Done" 


0010 LOOP  
0020   TRAP  // catch input error in next line
0030     INPUT "Enter a number (0=stop): ": number 
0040     EXIT WHEN number=0  
0050   HANDLER  
0060     PRINT  
0070     PRINT "input error. The number 0 will be used." 
0080   ENDTRAP  
0090   PRINT "Your number is";number 
0100 ENDLOOP  
0110 END "Done" 


0010 missed:=false; count:=0 
0020 WHILE NOT missed DO  
0030   count:+1 // increment count
0040   num1:=rnd(1,9); num2:=rnd(1,9) 
0050   PRINT count,"> What is";num1;"+";num2; 
0060   INPUT number; 
0070   IF number=num1+num2 THEN  
0080     PRINT "Yes" 
0090   ELSE  
0100     PRINT "Ooops" 
0110     missed:=true 
0120   ENDIF  
0130 ENDWHILE  
0140 PRINT "Answers right up to problem";count 
0150 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "ENTER is the command used to" 
0030 PRINT "retrieve a program that was" 
0040 PRINT "stored in ASCII form. LIST" 
0050 PRINT "is the command that stores" 
0060 PRINT "a program in ASCII form." 
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 count:=0 
0030 WHILE NOT eod DO  
0040   READ dummy 
0050   count:+1 // increment count
0060 ENDWHILE  
0070 PRINT "There are";count;"numbers." 
0080 RESTORE  // reset next data pointer to start
0090 WHILE NOT eod DO  
0100   READ number 
0110   PRINT number; 
0120 ENDWHILE  
0130 END "Done" 
0140 DATA 1,2,5,99 
0150 DATA 78 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Reading VISTOR file..." 
0030 DIM name$ OF 100 
0040 OPEN FILE 2,"visitor.dat",READ  
0050 WHILE NOT eof(2) DO  
0060   READ FILE 2: name$ 
0070   PRINT name$ 
0080 ENDWHILE  
0090 CLOSE  
0100 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   TRAP  
0040     INPUT "Enter a number: ": number 
0050     IF number<-99 THEN REPORT 9999 
0060     IF number>99 THEN REPORT 8888 
0070     EXIT  // no error
0080   HANDLER  
0090     PRINT  // go to next line
0100     CASE err OF  
0110     WHEN 104 
0120       PRINT "A number is expected." 
0130     WHEN 8888 
0140       PRINT "The number was too big!" 
0150       PRINT "We have a limited range for this test." 
0160     WHEN 9999 
0170       PRINT "The number was too negative!" 
0180       PRINT "It does not pay to be too negative." 
0190     OTHERWISE  
0200       REPORT  // can't handle this error
0210     ENDCASE  
0220   ENDTRAP  
0230 ENDLOOP  
0240 PRINT "It is";number 
0250 END "Done"


0010 page 
0020 TRAP  
0030   OPEN FILE 1,"visitor.dat",READ  
0040   OPEN FILE 2,"nofile.here",READ  
0050 HANDLER  
0060   CLOSE  
0070   PRINT "Error with file";errfile 
0080 ENDTRAP  
0090 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 FOR x:=100 TO 999 DO  
0030   IF len(errtext$(x))>6 THEN  //not empty message
0040     PRINT x;errtext$(x)(7:) //7th char to end
0050   ENDIF  
0060 ENDFOR x 
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 TRAP ESC- // trap BREAK
0030 OPEN FILE 3,"zzjunk.dat",WRITE  
0040 PRINT "Sample file open." 
0050 PRINT "Break program now." 
0060 LOOP  
0070   WAIT  
0080   IF esc THEN EXIT  
0090   PRINT "Press AMIGA + S to Stop a program." 
0100 ENDLOOP  
0110 PRINT "*** BREAK ***" 
0120 PRINT "Closing files first" 
0130 CLOSE  
0140 TRAP ESC+ 
0150 END "Done" 


0010 page //a built in procedure
0020 PRINT "Demo of EXEC." 
0030 PRINT "EXEC is used to call a procedure." 
0040 PRINT "However, it is optional and not even listed" 
0050 PRINT "unless you issue the SETEXEC+ command." 
0060 PRINT  
0070 FOR temp:=1 TO 3 DO  
0080   INPUT "Word:": word$; 
0090   INPUT "Count:": count 
0100   demo(count,word$) //call the DEMO procedure
0110 ENDFOR temp 
0120 END "Done" 
0130  //
0140 PROC demo(n,t$) CLOSED 
0150   PRINT n*t$ 
0160 ENDPROC demo 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   TRAP  
0040     INPUT "Enter a number (1-9):": num 
0050     EXIT WHEN num>=1 AND num<=9  
0060     PRINT "The number must be only one digit" 
0070   HANDLER  
0080     PRINT  
0090     PRINT "Please enter a one digit number" 
0100   ENDTRAP  
0110 ENDLOOP  
0120 PRINT "Number was";num 
0130 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "EXP practice." 
0030 LOOP  
0040   INPUT "Power (0=stop): ": num 
0050   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0060   PRINT "Answer is";exp(num) 
0070 ENDLOOP  
0080 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "EXPORT ... see some of the" 
0030 PRINT "packages in the directory" 
0040 PRINT "named packages (example is" 
0050 PRINT "TYPE)." 
0060 END "Done" 


0010 welcome 
0020 PROC welcome EXTERNAL "welcome" 
0030 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP 5 TIMES  
0030   num:=rnd(1,99) 
0040   IF even(num) THEN  
0050     PRINT num;"is even." 
0060   ELSE  
0070     PRINT num;"is odd." 
0080   ENDIF  
0090 ENDLOOP  
0100 END "Done" 
0110  //
0120 FUNC even(n) CLOSED 
0130   IF n MOD 2 THEN  
0140     RETURN false 
0150   ELSE  
0160     RETURN true 
0170   ENDIF  
0180 ENDFUNC even 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "FIELD ... see Chapter 3.3." 
0030 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "FILE is part of the commands:" 
0030 PRINT "OPEN FILE" 
0040 PRINT "CLOSE FILE" 
0050 PRINT "WRITE FILE" 
0060 PRINT "READ FILE" 
0070 PRINT "INPUT FILE" 
0080 PRINT "PRINT FILE" 
0090 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "FIND is an editing command" 
0030 PRINT "that will find a part of a" 
0040 PRINT "program line in the program" 
0050 PRINT "currently in memory." 
0060 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "FLOAT is a function that will" 
0030 PRINT "return a floating point" 
0040 PRINT "representation of a number." 
0050 PRINT "You can pass it an integer and" 
0060 PRINT "it returns it as floating point." 
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 INPUT "How many scores: ": max 
0030 total:=0 
0040 FOR temp:=1 TO max DO  
0050   INPUT "Score: ": score 
0060   total:+score 
0070 ENDFOR temp 
0080 PRINT "Total was";total 
0090 PRINT "Average was";total/max 
0100 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "How is the memory doing?" 
0030 PRINT "Free memory available to" 
0040 PRINT "COMAL now is";free 
0050 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 infile:=freefile // get a file number that is not in use
0030 OPEN FILE infile,"visitor.dat",READ  
0040 WHILE NOT eof(infile) DO  
0050   INPUT FILE infile: name$ 
0060   PRINT name$ 
0070 ENDWHILE  
0080 CLOSE  
0090 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM type$(false:true) OF 4 
0030 type$(false):="Odd" 
0040 type$(true):="Even" 
0050 LOOP  
0060   INPUT "Number (0=stop): ": num; 
0070   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0080   PRINT type$(even(num)) 
0090 ENDLOOP  
0100 END "Done" 
0110  //
0120 FUNC even(n) CLOSED 
0130   IF n MOD 2 THEN  
0140     RETURN false 
0150   ELSE  
0160     RETURN true 
0170   ENDIF  
0180 ENDFUNC even 


0005 page 
0010 type("visitor.dat") 
0020 END "Done" 
0030  //
0040 PROC type(name$) CLOSED 
0050   TRAP  
0060     f:=freefile 
0070     OPEN FILE f,name$,READ  
0080     WHILE NOT eof(f) DO  
0090       PRINT get$(f,1), 
0100     ENDWHILE  
0110     CLOSE FILE f  
0120   HANDLER  
0130     PRINT "Error." 
0140   ENDTRAP  
0150 ENDPROC type 


0010 GLOBAL player$ 
0020 page 
0030 INPUT "Enter your name: ": player$ 
0040 INPUT "Enter your score:": score 
0050 questions:=25 
0060 evaluate(score,questions) 
0070 END "Done" 
0080  //
0090 PROC evaluate(s,q) CLOSED 
0100   PRINT player$,","; // global so can use it here
0110   PRINT "You got";s;"points." 
0120   PRINT "There were";q;"questions." 
0130   PRINT "That is about";s DIV q;"per question." 
0140 ENDPROC evaluate


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   INPUT "Next item name (0=stop): ": name$ 
0040   IF name$="0" THEN GOTO QUIT 
0050   PRINT name$ 
0060 ENDLOOP  
0070 QUIT:  
0080 END "I quit. Why not just use EXIT?" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Factorial practice" 
0030 LOOP  
0040   INPUT "Number (0=stop): ": num 
0050   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0060   PRINT factorial(num) 
0070 ENDLOOP  
0080 END "Done" 
0090  //
0100 FUNC factorial(number) CLOSED 
0110   TRAP  // catch numbers too large overflow
0120     RETURN fac(number) 
0130   HANDLER  
0140     RETURN 1E+194 // a very large number
0150   ENDTRAP  
0160    //
0170   FUNC fac(number) // nested function
0180     IF number=0 THEN  
0190       RETURN 1 
0200     ELSE  
0210       RETURN fac(number-1)*number //recursive call
0220     ENDIF  
0230   ENDFUNC fac 
0240 ENDFUNC factorial 


0010 page 
0020 total:=0; count:=0 //initialize
0030 LOOP  
0040   INPUT "Number (0=stop): ": num 
0050   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0060   IF num>0 THEN  
0070     count:+1 // increment counter
0080     total:+num //add number to total
0090     PRINT "That makes the total";total 
0100   ELSE  
0110     PRINT "Negative numbers don't count." 
0120   ENDIF  
0130 ENDLOOP  
0140 avg:=total DIV count 
0150 PRINT "The total for";count;"numbers was";total 
0160 PRINT "That means the average was"; 
0170 IF total/count<>avg THEN PRINT "about"; 
0180 PRINT avg 
0190 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 my'name$:="Calvin" 
0030 PRINT "Hi, I'm";my'name$ 
0040 INPUT "What is your name? ": name$ 
0050 printout(my'name$) // pass my name to proc
0060 PRINT "Back in the main program." 
0070 PRINT "Now your name is";name$ 
0080 PRINT "But mine is still";my'name$ 
0090 END "Done" 
0100  //
0110 PROC printout(my'name$) CLOSED 
0120   IMPORT name$ 
0130   PRINT "This is just an example";name$ 
0140   PRINT "So let's change your name." 
0150   name$:="Mud"; my'name$:="Amiga" 
0160   PRINT "While we are inside here," 
0170   PRINT "Your name is";name$ 
0180   PRINT "My name is";my'name$ 
0190 ENDPROC printout


0010 page 
0020 DIM hit$ OF 5, letter$ OF 1 
0030 count:=0; a:=ord("a"); z:=ord("z") 
0040 PRINT "I will randomly pick and print" 
0050 PRINT "letters until I hit one of" 
0060 PRINT "5 letters you choose." 
0070 REPEAT  
0080   INPUT "Enter your 5 hit letters:": hit$ 
0090 UNTIL len(hit$)=5 
0100 PRINT "Your HIT letters are:" 
0110 FOR x:=1 TO 5 DO PRINT hit$(x:x) //substring
0120 PRINT "Here we go..." 
0130 REPEAT  
0140   letter$:=chr$(rnd(a,z)) // a and z are set to ascii values already
0150   PRINT letter$, 
0160   count:+1 
0170 UNTIL (letter$ IN hit$) OR (count>100) 
0180 PRINT  //carriage return
0190 IF count>100 THEN  
0200   PRINT "Your hit letters must not be" 
0210   PRINT "unshifted letters." 
0220 ELSE  
0230   PRINT "A hit! After";count;"letters." 
0240 ENDIF  
0250 END "Done"


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "The password is: word" 
0030 PRINT  
0040 PRINT "Enter the password:" 
0050 FOR x:=1 TO 4 DO  
0060   c$:=inkey$ 
0070   password$:+c$ 
0080   PRINT ".", 
0090 ENDFOR x 
0100 IF password$<>"word" THEN  
0110   PRINT "Nope." 
0120 ELSE  
0130   PRINT "You pass." 
0140 ENDIF  
0150 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "INOUT is used with SELECT." 
0030 PRINT "See the reference pages for SELECT." 
0040 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 INPUT "What is your name: ": name$, 
0030 PRINT "...Thank you." 
0040 PRINT "Good bye,";name$ 
0050 END "Done" 


0010 DIM text$ OF 100 
0020 page 
0030 PRINT "INPUT FILE used only with ASCII files." 
0040 PRINT "Here is the contents of the file" 
0050 PRINT "INPUTFILE.LST" 
0060 PRINT  
0070 OPEN FILE 2,"inputfile.lst",READ  
0080 WHILE NOT eof(2) DO  
0090   INPUT FILE 2: text$ 
0100   PRINT text$ 
0110 ENDWHILE  
0120 CLOSE FILE 2  
0130 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "INT ... 5 examples." 
0025 PRINT "(include negative and decimals)" 
0030 LOOP 5 TIMES  
0040   INPUT "Number: ": num; 
0050   PRINT "INT is";int(num) 
0060 ENDLOOP  
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Press the key that is your" 
0030 PRINT "favorite letter of the alphabet:" 
0040 WAIT  
0050 c$:=key$ 
0060 PRINT "You pressed";c$ 
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM weekday$(7) OF 10 
0030 DATA "This will be ignored" 
0040 DAYS:  
0050 DATA "Sunday","Monday","Tuesday" 
0060 DATA "Wednesday","Thursday","Friday" 
0070 DATA "Saturday" 
0080 RESTORE DAYS 
0090 READ weekday$() //read data for EVERY item!
0100 PRINT "Data is read." 
0110 FOR x:=1 TO 7 DO PRINT weekday$(x) 
0120 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "This is Len Lindsays favorite keyword" 
0030 DIM text$ OF 100 
0040 PRINT "Just hit <ENTER> to stop" 
0050 LOOP  
0060   PRINT "Type something on the next line." 
0070   INPUT text$ 
0080   EXIT WHEN text$=""  
0090   PRINT "The length of" 
0100   PRINT text$ 
0110   PRINT "is";len(text$) 
0120 ENDLOOP  
0130 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "LET is the assignment keyword." 
0030 PRINT "It is rarely typed, and is not listed." 
0040 count:=0 //initialize
0050 INPUT "What should count equal? ": count 
0060 PRINT "Count now equals";count 
0070 count:+2 
0080 PRINT "Adding 2 makes it";count 
0090 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "LIST is the command used to" 
0030 PRINT "list the program in memory." 
0040 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "LISTPACK is used to tell you" 
0030 PRINT "what packages are available" 
0040 PRINT "plus what commands are added" 
0050 PRINT "by them. Example:" 
0060 PRINT "USE SYSTEM" 
0070 PRINT "LISTPACK      <--- shows packages" 
0080 PRINT "LISTPACK system" 
0090 PRINT "xxxxx         <--- lists keywords of SYSTEM" 
0100 END "Done"


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "LOAD is the command used to" 
0030 PRINT "retrieve a COMAL program that" 
0040 PRINT "was stored to disk via SAVE." 
0050 PRINT  
0060 PRINT "To get a useful File Requestor" 
0070 PRINT "just type the command:" 
0080 PRINT "   LOAD" 
0090 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   INPUT "Number (0=stop): ": num 
0040   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0050   PRINT "LOG of";num;"is";log(num) 
0060 ENDLOOP  
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   TRAP  
0040     INPUT "Enter your age: ": age 
0050     EXIT WHEN age>=0 AND age<=110  
0060     PRINT  
0070     PRINT "age must be between 0 and 110" 
0080   HANDLER  
0090     PRINT  
0100     PRINT "Numbers only for age." 
0110   ENDTRAP  
0120 ENDLOOP  
0130 PRINT "You are";age;"years old." 
0140 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "MAIN is a command you use when" 
0030 PRINT "a running program is stopped" 
0040 PRINT "while it is inside an external" 
0050 PRINT "procedure or function. It puts" 
0060 PRINT "you back into the main program." 
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "MAKEDIR is converted into MKDIR." 
0030 PRINT "See MKDIR for info." 
0040 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM temperature(-40:120) 
0030 PRINT "Enter the temperature outside" 
0040 PRINT "for the past 7 days." 
0050 PRINT "The range of accepted values is" 
0060 min:=minindex(temperature()) 
0070 max:=maxindex(temperature()) 
0080 PRINT min;"to";max 
0090 PRINT  
0100 LOOP 7 TIMES  
0110   LOOP  
0120     PRINT AT 6,1: spc$(80) //clear line
0130     INPUT AT 6,1,3: "Enter temperature: ": degrees 
0140     PRINT AT 8,1: degrees;"accepted. Thank you." 
0150     EXIT WHEN degrees>=min AND degrees<=max  
0160     PRINT AT 8,1: "Out of range. Try again." 
0170   ENDLOOP  
0180   temperature(degrees):+1 
0190 ENDLOOP  
0200 PRINT  
0210 PRINT "Here are the temperatures" 
0220 PRINT "and how many times recorded." 
0230 PRINT  
0240 FOR x:=min TO max DO  
0250   IF temperature(x)>0 THEN PRINT x;temperature(x) 
0260 ENDFOR x 
0270 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "MEMWINDOW ... use this command" 
0030 PRINT "to display (or close) the" 
0040 PRINT "small window showing memory free." 
0050 PRINT  
0060 PRINT "MEMWINDOW+" 
0070 PRINT "opens the window. To close it:" 
0080 PRINT "MEMWINDOW-" 
0090 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "MERGE is a command that allows" 
0030 PRINT "you to merge program segments" 
0040 PRINT "together into one program." 
0050 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM temperature(-40:120) 
0030 PRINT "Enter the temperature outside" 
0040 PRINT "for the past 7 days." 
0050 PRINT "The range of accepted values is" 
0060 min:=minindex(temperature()) 
0070 max:=maxindex(temperature()) 
0080 PRINT min;"to";max 
0090 PRINT  
0100 LOOP 7 TIMES  
0110   LOOP  
0120     PRINT AT 6,1: spc$(80) //clear line
0130     INPUT AT 6,1,3: "Enter temperature: ": degrees 
0140     PRINT AT 8,1: degrees;"accepted. Thank you." 
0150     EXIT WHEN degrees>=min AND degrees<=max  
0160     PRINT AT 8,1: "Out of range. Try again." 
0170   ENDLOOP  
0180   temperature(degrees):+1 
0190 ENDLOOP  
0200 PRINT  
0210 PRINT "Here are the temperatures" 
0220 PRINT "and how many times recorded." 
0230 PRINT  
0240 FOR x:=min TO max DO  
0250   IF temperature(x)>0 THEN PRINT x;temperature(x) 
0260 ENDFOR x 
0270 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "This is your current directory:" 
0030 PRINT dir$ 
0040 PRINT  
0050 PRINT "Now, we will create a" 
0060 PRINT "new subdirectory!" 
0070 PRINT  
0080 name$:="z" 
0090 LOOP 8 TIMES name$:+chr$(rnd(65,90)) 
0100 PRINT "New directory is called:";name$ 
0110 MKDIR name$ 
0120 PRINT  
0130 PRINT "Now we better get rid of it..." 
0140 DELETE name$ 
0150 PRINT  
0160 PRINT "Gone." 
0170 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   INPUT "Integer (0=stop): ": n1 
0040   EXIT WHEN n1=0  
0050   INPUT "Integer: ": n2 
0060   ones:=n2 MOD 10 //get ones digit
0070   answer:=n1 DIV n2 
0080   remainder:=n1 MOD n2 
0090   IF n2=11 OR n2=12 OR n2=13 THEN  
0100     ending$:="th" 
0110   ELSE  
0120     CASE ones OF  
0130     WHEN 0,4,5,6,7,8,9 
0140       ending$:="th" 
0150     WHEN 1 
0160       ending$:="st" 
0170     WHEN 2 
0180       ending$:="nd" 
0190     WHEN 3 
0200       ending$:="rd" 
0210     OTHERWISE  
0220       PRINT "ERROR" 
0230     ENDCASE  
0240   ENDIF  
0250   IF remainder<>1 THEN ending$:+"s" //plural
0260   PRINT n1;"divided by";n2;"is";answer; 
0270   IF remainder THEN PRINT "and";remainder,"/",n2,ending$; 
0280   PRINT  //carriage return
0290 ENDLOOP  
0300 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "NEW is a command that will clear" 
0030 PRINT "the COMAL memory so you can begin" 
0040 PRINT "a fresh new program. It will warn" 
0050 PRINT "you if it is going to erase a" 
0060 PRINT "current program that is not saved." 
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "NEXT is converted to ENDFOR." 
0030 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 WHILE NOT eod DO  
0030   READ text$ 
0040   PRINT text$ 
0050 ENDWHILE  
0060 DATA "one","two","three","go" 
0070 END "Done"


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "NULL does nothing!" 
0030 INPUT "Type a digit: ": num 
0040 CASE num OF  
0050 WHEN 0 
0060   PRINT "Zero" 
0070 WHEN 1 
0080   PRINT "One" 
0090 OTHERWISE  
0100   NULL // do nothing.
0110 ENDCASE  
0120 PRINT "Thank you." 
0130 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 infile:=freefile 
0030 filename$:="visitor.dat" 
0040 OPEN FILE infile,filename$,READ  
0050 WHILE NOT eof(infile) DO  
0060   READ FILE infile: text$ 
0070   PRINT text$ 
0080 ENDWHILE  
0090 CLOSE FILE infile  
0100 END "Done"


0010 page 
0020 DIM letter$ OF 1 
0030 REPEAT  
0040   PRINT "Enter a CAPITAL letter (Q=Quit)" 
0050   INPUT "-->": letter$; 
0060   IF letter$<="A" OR letter$>="Z" THEN PRINT "NO"; 
0070   PRINT  //carriage return
0080 UNTIL letter$="Q" 
0090 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 a:=ord("a"); z:=ord("z") 
0030 DIM letters(a:z) 
0040 INPUT "Word (in lower case): ": word$ 
0050 FOR x:=1 TO len(word$) DO  
0060   char:=ord(word$(x:x)) // substring of word$
0070   letters(char):+1 // increment letter count
0080 ENDFOR  
0090 FOR letter:=a TO z DO  
0100   IF letters(letter) THEN  
0110     PRINT "Letter:";chr$(letter); 
0120     PRINT "occurances:";letters(letter) 
0130   ENDIF  
0140 ENDFOR  
0150 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM reply$ OF 1 
0030 REPEAT  
0040   INPUT "Good, bad or ugly (G,B,U): ": reply$; 
0050   CASE reply$ OF  
0060   WHEN "G","g" 
0070     PRINT "Good bye" 
0080   WHEN "B","b" 
0090     PRINT "Bad" 
0100   WHEN "U","u" 
0110     PRINT "Ugly" 
0120   OTHERWISE  
0130     PRINT "Try again" 
0140   ENDCASE  
0150 UNTIL reply$ IN "Gg" 
0160 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "OUTPUT ... see SELECT OUTPUT" 
0030 END "Done" 


0010 page // clear screen
0020 DIM name$ OF 30, company$ OF 30, reply$ OF 1 
0030 DATA "Robert Grimm","Universal Electronics",1 
0040 DATA "Sam Thompson","Global Technology",3 
0050 DATA "Paul Peterson","Modern Repairs",0 
0060  //
0070 PRINT "Output to Screen or Printer?          reply$" 
0080 INPUT "(S,P): ": reply$ 
0090 CASE reply$ OF  
0100 WHEN "S","s" 
0110   SELECT OUTPUT "ds:" 
0120 WHEN "P","p" 
0130   SELECT OUTPUT "lp:" 
0140 OTHERWISE  
0150   NULL //unknown request
0160 ENDCASE  
0170 WHILE NOT eod DO  
0180   page // clear screen OR page feed
0190   READ name$,company$,level 
0200   PRINT name$ 
0210   PRINT company$ 
0220   PRINT "Level:";level 
0230   PRINT "(0=Technician 1=Engineer 2=V.P. 3=President" 
0240   INPUT "Hit <ENTER> for next name": reply$ 
0250 ENDWHILE  
0260 SELECT OUTPUT "ds:" //return output to screen
0270 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Now lets issue a DOS command." 
0030 PASS "DIR" 
0040 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   INPUT "Radius of circle (0=stop): ": radius 
0040   EXIT WHEN radius=0  
0050   PRINT "Circle area is";pi*(radius^2) 
0060 ENDLOOP  
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "POINTER ... see Chapter 3.6." 
0030 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM word$ OF 20 
0030 word$:="Variables"; money:=25.6 
0040 PRINT TAB(5),"Constants and";word$ 
0050 PRINT USING "Total due $###.## ": money 
0060 PRINT  // blank line
0070 PRINT AT 9,6: "End of this." 
0080 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Now we will log the current" 
0030 PRINT "time and date to disk file" 
0040 PRINT "named datetime.log" 
0050 PRINT  
0060 f:=freefile // file number
0070 OPEN FILE f,"datetime.log",APPEND  
0080 PRINT FILE f: date$;time$ 
0090 CLOSE FILE f  
0091 PRINT "Here is the log so far:" 
0092 OPEN FILE f,"datetime.log",READ  
0093 WHILE NOT eof(f) DO  
0094   INPUT FILE f: text$ 
0095   PRINT text$ 
0096 ENDWHILE  
0097 CLOSE FILE f  
0100 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   INPUT "Word (Q=Quit): ": word$, 
0040   EXIT WHEN word$ IN "Qq"  
0050   backwards(word$) 
0060 ENDLOOP  
0070 END "Done" 
0080  //
0090 PROC backwards(a$) CLOSED 
0100   PRINT "...", 
0110   FOR temp:=len(a$) TO 1 STEP -1 DO PRINT a$(temp:temp), 
0120   PRINT  // carriage return
0130 ENDPROC backwards 


0010 page 
0020 DIM item$ OF 80 
0030 TRAP  
0040   ran'file:=freefile 
0050   OPEN FILE ran'file,"test.ran",RANDOM 82  
0060 HANDLER  
0070   PRINT errtext$ 
0080   PRINT "Error opening the file." 
0090   PRINT "Ending program now." 
0100   CLOSE  
0110   END "File error. Program ended." 
0120 ENDTRAP  
0130 LOOP  
0140   TRAP  
0150     PRINT "What record number (0=stop): " 
0160     PRINT "   <---", 
0170     INPUT AT 0,1,2: "": number 
0180     EXIT WHEN number=0  
0190     IF number<0 THEN REPORT 900 
0200     IF number>20 THEN REPORT 901 //limit records for this test
0210   HANDLER  
0220     PRINT  // new line
0230     CASE err OF  
0240     WHEN 900 
0250       PRINT "Negative record numbers are not allowed" 
0260     WHEN 901 
0270       PRINT "Only 20 records for this test." 
0280     OTHERWISE  
0290       PRINT "Enter a number from 1 - 20" 
0300     ENDCASE  
0310     RETRY  
0320   ENDTRAP  
0330   INPUT "Read or Write it? ": item$ 
0340   CASE item$ OF  
0350   WHEN "R","r","Read","READ","read" 
0360     read'it 
0370   WHEN "W","w","Write","WRITE","write" 
0380     write'it 
0390   OTHERWISE  
0400     PRINT "No such option." 
0410   ENDCASE  
0420 ENDLOOP  
0430 CLOSE  
0440 END "Done" 
0450  //
0460 PROC write'it 
0470   page 
0480   PRINT "Record number";number 
0490   PRINT "Enter up to 80 characters to write:" 
0500   INPUT "": item$ 
0510   WRITE FILE ran'file,number: item$ 
0520   PRINT AT 0,1: "OK" 
0530 ENDPROC write'it 
0540  //
0550 PROC read'it 
0560   page 
0570   PRINT "Record number";number 
0580   READ FILE ran'file,number: item$ 
0590   IF item$>"" THEN  
0600     PRINT item$ 
0610   ELSE  
0620     PRINT "Nothing in the record." 
0630   ENDIF  
0640   PRINT  
0650 ENDPROC read'it 


0010 page 
0020 heads:=0; tails:=0 //initialize
0030 RANDOMIZE 9 //<--- 9 specified gives SAME random sequence each time
0040 PRINT "This shows how you can CHEAT with RANDOMIZE" 
0050 PRINT "by specifying a specific seed after RANDOMIZE." 
0060 PRINT "Notice the results of the random flips are" 
0070 PRINT "the same EVERY time." 
0080 PRINT  
0090 REPEAT  
0100   flip:=rnd(0,1) 
0110   IF flip=0 THEN  
0120     PRINT "Heads" 
0130     heads:+1 
0140   ELSE  
0150     PRINT "Tails" 
0160     tails:+1 
0170   ENDIF  
0180 UNTIL heads>4 OR tails>4 
0190 winner(heads,tails) // execute procedure
0200 END "Done" 
0210  //
0220 PROC winner(h,t) CLOSED 
0230   IF h>t THEN  
0240     PRINT "The winner is HEADS." 
0250   ELSE  
0260     PRINT "The winner is TAILS." 
0270   ENDIF  
0280 ENDPROC winner 


0010 page 
0020 DIM month$(1:12) OF 3 
0030 DATA "Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun" 
0040 DATA "Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec" 
0050 READ month$() // read all elements
0060 LOOP  
0070   PRINT "Which month number (0=stop): " 
0080   INPUT "--> ": num; 
0090   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0100   PRINT "..."; 
0110   CASE num OF  
0120   WHEN 11,12,1,2 
0130     PRINT month$(num);"... cold" 
0140   WHEN 6,7,8 
0150     PRINT month$(num);"... hot" 
0160   WHEN 3,4,5,9,10 
0170     PRINT month$(num);"... nice" 
0180   OTHERWISE  
0190     PRINT "???" 
0200     PRINT "I don't know a month with that number." 
0210   ENDCASE  
0220 ENDLOOP  
0230 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 infile:=freefile 
0030 filename$:="visitor.dat" 
0040 OPEN FILE infile,filename$,READ  
0050 WHILE NOT eof(infile) DO  
0060   READ FILE infile: text$ 
0070   PRINT text$ 
0080 ENDWHILE  
0090 CLOSE FILE infile  
0100 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "READWRITE is a type of file access." 
0030 PRINT "It allows you to read or write to the file." 
0040 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "RECORD ... see Chapter 3.3." 
0030 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM junk$(3) OF 1 
0030 junk$(1):="a"; junk$(2):="b"; junk$(3):="c" 
0040 LOOP  
0050   INPUT "Which junk? 1,2,3 (0=stop): ": which 
0060   EXIT WHEN which=0  
0070   CASE which OF  
0080   WHEN 1,2,3 
0090     see(which,junk$()) 
0100   OTHERWISE  
0110     PRINT "No such junk." 
0120   ENDCASE  
0130   PRINT  
0140   PRINT "Junk now set at:" 
0150   FOR x:=1 TO 3 DO PRINT x;junk$(x) 
0160   PRINT  
0170 ENDLOOP  
0180 END "Done" 
0190  //
0200 PROC see(num,REF a$()) CLOSED 
0210   PRINT "Junk number";num;"is";a$(num) 
0220   PRINT "Changing it inside this CLOSED proc now." 
0230   a$(num):=chr$(rnd(ord("d"),ord("z"))) 
0240   PRINT "Now it is";a$(num) 
0250 ENDPROC see


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "RENAME will rename a file." 
0030 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "RENUM will renumber the program lines." 
0030 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 number:=rnd(1,10) 
0030 REPEAT  
0040   INPUT "Guess the number (1-10): ": guess 
0050   IF guess>number THEN PRINT "Too high." 
0060   IF guess<number THEN PRINT "Too low" 
0070 UNTIL guess=number 
0080 PRINT "Right on." 
0090 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 nonsense:=800 // user error, not following directions
0030 input'error:=104 // number expected
0040 TRAP  
0050   TRAP  
0060     INPUT "Name: ": name$ 
0070     IF name$="" THEN REPORT nonsense 
0080     INPUT "Age: ": age 
0090     IF age<0 OR age>120 THEN REPORT nonsense 
0100   HANDLER  
0110     PRINT  
0120     IF err=input'error THEN  
0130       REPORT nonsense // drop to outer handler
0140     ELSE  
0150       REPORT  // system error
0160     ENDIF  
0170   ENDTRAP  
0180   PRINT "Welcome to COMAL,";name$ 
0190 HANDLER  
0200   IF err=nonsense THEN  
0210     PRINT  
0220     PRINT "Please pay attention." 
0230     PRINT "Enter your name and age." 
0240     PRINT  // blank line
0250     RETRY  
0260   ELSE  
0270     REPORT  // let system handle other errors
0280   ENDIF  
0290 ENDTRAP  
0300 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DATA 1,3,2,1 // this is the combination
0030 PRINT "Try to open the safe." 
0040 PRINT "Enter all the digits correctly." 
0050 PRINT "(0=stop)" 
0060 digit:=0 // initialize
0070 REPEAT  
0080   digit:+1 // increment digit
0090   READ solution // correct code for this digit
0100   IF digit=1 THEN PRINT 20*"-" // a line
0110   PRINT digit, 
0120   INPUT "> Enter digit: ": guess; 
0130   IF guess=solution THEN  
0140     PRINT "right" 
0150   ELSE  
0160     PRINT "ooops" 
0170     RESTORE  // reset data pointer
0180     digit:=0 // reset digit number
0190   ENDIF  
0200 UNTIL eod OR guess=0 
0210 IF eod THEN PRINT "You got it!" 
0220 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 INPUT "Enter a number: ": num 
0030 editnum(num) // call the proc
0040 PRINT  // blank line
0050 PRINT "The number now is";num 
0060 END "Done" 
0070  //
0080 PROC editnum(REF number) CLOSED 
0090   row:=currow; col:=curcol 
0100   TRAP  
0110     t$:=str$(number) 
0120     max:=len(t$) 
0130     IF max<8 THEN max:=8 
0140     PRINT "Edit the number now:" 
0150     PRINT t$,spc$(20), // , means stay on line
0160     INPUT AT 0,1,max: "": number 
0170   HANDLER  
0180     PRINT chr$(7) // bell
0190     CURSOR row,col 
0200     RETRY  
0210   ENDTRAP  
0220 ENDPROC editnum


0010 page 
0020 DIM type$(0:1) OF 4 
0030 type$(true):="Even"; type$(false):="Odd" 
0040 REPEAT  
0050   INPUT "What number (0=stop): ": number; 
0060   PRINT type$(even(number)) //function even called
0070 UNTIL number=0 
0080 END "Done" 
0090  //
0100 FUNC even(num) CLOSED 
0110   IF num MOD 2 THEN RETURN false 
0120   RETURN true // odd numbers exited already
0130 ENDFUNC even 


0010 page 
0020 DIM roll$ OF 1 
0030 RANDOMIZE  // optional
0040 PRINT "Roll two dice till you get 7." 
0050 PRINT 35*"-" //line
0060 PRINT "Press R to roll the dice each time." 
0070 REPEAT  
0080   REPEAT  
0090     roll$:=inkey$ 
0100   UNTIL roll$ IN "Rr" 
0110   dice1:=rnd(1,6) 
0120   dice2:=rnd(1,6) 
0130   PRINT "Roll was";dice1;dice2 
0140 UNTIL dice1+dice2=7 
0150 PRINT "Great ... 7 ... you got it." 
0160 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 bug:=false 
0030 PRINT "ROUND testing...15 random tries." 
0040 PRINT  
0050 LOOP 15 TIMES  
0060   r:=rnd // random number between 0 and 1
0070   r:=r*200 // wider range
0080   r:-100 // get possible negative num
0090   PRINT USING "Number=-##.#### Round=-##.####": r,round(r) 
0100   IF round(r)<-100 THEN bug:=true 
0110 ENDLOOP  
0120 IF bug THEN PRINT "We reported the ROUND bug already." 
0130 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "RUN is the command used to" 
0030 PRINT "start program execution." 
0040 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "RUNWINDOW is the command to" 
0030 PRINT "combine the Execute and Command" 
0040 PRINT "Windows." 
0050 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "SAVE will store the current" 
0030 PRINT "program in memory to disk." 
0040 PRINT "It can be retrieved with" 
0050 PRINT "LOAD, CHAIN, or RUN." 
0060 PRINT  
0070 PRINT "To get a File Requestor," 
0080 PRINT "just issue the command:" 
0090 PRINT "   SAVE" 
0100 END "Done"


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "SCAN will check over the current" 
0030 PRINT "program in memory for structure" 
0040 PRINT "errors." 
0050 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM reply$ OF 1 
0030 DATA "Jim","Sue","Fred","Rhianon" 
0040 DATA "Charly","Steve" 
0050 PRINT "Reply  Y  to print name on printer." 
0060 REPEAT  
0070   READ name$ 
0080   PRINT name$ 
0090   INPUT reply$ 
0100   IF reply$ IN "Yy" THEN  
0110     SELECT OUTPUT "lp:" //printer
0120     PRINT name$ 
0130     SELECT OUTPUT "ds:" // back to screen
0140   ENDIF  
0150 UNTIL eod 
0160 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM type$(-1:1) OF 10 
0030 type$(-1):="Negative" 
0040 type$(0):="Zero" 
0050 type$(1):="Positive" 
0060 PRINT "Here are sample SGN tests:" 
0070 LOOP 15 TIMES  
0080   num:=rnd(-5,5) 
0090   PRINT num;TAB(4),type$(sgn(num)) 
0100 ENDLOOP  
0110 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   INPUT "Number (0=stop): ": num 
0040   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0050   PRINT "Sine of";num;"is";sin(num) 
0060 ENDLOOP  
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "SIZE is a command that reports" 
0030 PRINT "on the size of your program, data" 
0040 PRINT "area and the free memory avaiable" 
0050 PRINT "to you for COMAL programs." 
0060 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Enter 0 to stop." 
0030 LOOP  
0040   INPUT "How much space between words? ": space 
0050   EXIT WHEN space=0  
0060   PRINT "         1    1    2    2    3" 
0070   PRINT "----5----0----5----0----5----0" 
0080   PRINT "Yes",spc$(space),"No",spc$(space),"Maybe" 
0090 ENDLOOP  
0100 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 number'total:=0; sqr'total:=0; count:=0 
0030 LOOP  
0040   INPUT "Number (0=stop): ": number 
0050   EXIT WHEN number=0  
0060   number'total:+number // add number to total
0070   count:+1 // increment count
0080   sqr'total:+sqr(number) // add sqr to total
0090   PRINT "The square root is";sqr(number) 
0100 ENDLOOP  
0110 PRINT count;"numbers totaling";number'total 
0120 PRINT "Total of their square roots is";sqr'total 
0130 PRINT "The square root of their total is";sqr(number'total) 
0140 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "STEP can be used as a command" 
0030 PRINT "to single step TRACE." 
0040 PRINT  
0050 PRINT "It also is used with a FOR loop:" 
0060 PRINT  
0070 LOOP  
0080   INPUT "What number to count by (0=stop): ": num 
0090   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0100   FOR count:=num TO num*6 STEP num DO PRINT count; 
0110   PRINT "How was that?" 
0120 ENDLOOP  
0130 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 temp:=5 
0030 PRINT "TEMP is now";temp 
0040 STOP "Change TEMP then issue CON command." 
0050 PRINT "You changed TEMP to";temp 
0060 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 REPEAT  
0030   INPUT "Number (0=stop): ": num; 
0040   PRINT str$(num) 
0050 UNTIL num=0 
0060 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   INPUT "What column (0=stop): ": col 
0040   EXIT WHEN col=0  
0050   PRINT "1---5----0----5----0----5----0" 
0060   PRINT TAB(col),"*" 
0070 ENDLOOP  
0080 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 LOOP  
0030   INPUT "Enter angle (0=stop): ": num 
0040   EXIT WHEN num=0  
0050   PRINT "Tangent of";num;"is";tan(num) 
0060 ENDLOOP  
0070 END "Done" 

0010 page 
0020 LOOP 5 TIMES  
0030   n:=rnd(1,99) 
0035   PRINT n 
0040   IF even(n) THEN  
0050     PRINT n;"is even" 
0060   ELSE  
0070     PRINT n;"is odd" 
0080   ENDIF  
0090 ENDLOOP  
0100 END "Done" 
0110  //
0120 FUNC even(n) EXTERNAL "even"


0010 page 
0020 DIM type$ OF 1 
0030 total:=0 // initialize
0040 PRINT "Hit + for ADD or - for SUBTRACT." 
0050 PRINT "Hit Q to Quit." 
0060 PRINT  
0070 REPEAT  
0080   num1:=rnd(1,9); num2:=rnd(0,num1) //num2 never larger
0090   PRINT num1; 
0100   INPUT "": type$; //"" prompt avoids the ? prompt
0110   IF type$ IN "+-" THEN  
0120     PRINT num2;"="; 
0130     IF type$="+" THEN  
0140       PRINT num1+num2 
0150     ELSE  
0160       PRINT num1-num2 
0170     ENDIF  
0180   ELIF NOT (type$ IN "Qq") THEN  
0190     PRINT "Enter + or - or Q to Quit" 
0200   ENDIF  
0210 UNTIL type$ IN "Qq" 
0220 END "Done


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Press any key to stop." 
0030 PRINT "This should keep correct time." 
0040 REPEAT  
0050   PRINT AT 5,5: time$ 
0060 UNTIL key$>"" 
0070 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "The timer is now:";timer 
0030 PRINT "Now I will set it to 0" 
0040 TIMER 0 
0050 PRINT "Timer is now:";timer 
0060 END "Done"


0010 page 
0020 INPUT "How many scores? ": max 
0030 total:=0 // initialize
0040 FOR temp:=1 TO max DO  
0050   PRINT "Score";temp; 
0060   INPUT score 
0070   total:+score 
0080 ENDFOR temp 
0090 PRINT "Total was";total,". Average was";total/max 
0100 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "TRACE is a command to help" 
0030 PRINT "debug programs. See TRACE in" 
0040 PRINT "the reference section of the" 
0050 PRINT "manual." 
0060 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 TRAP  
0030   INPUT "Enter age: ": age 
0040   IF age<0 OR age>110 THEN REPORT 888 
0050 HANDLER  
0060   IF err=888 THEN  
0070     PRINT "Be reasonable." 
0080   ELSE  
0090     PRINT "-";errtext$(err)(6:) //substring
0100     PRINT "Enter number of years." 
0110   ENDIF  
0120   RETRY  
0130 ENDTRAP  
0140 PRINT "Age is";age 
0150 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 TRAP ESC- // disable break keys!!
0030 PRINT "Press <Amiga> + <S> to stop this." 
0040 PRINT  // blank line
0050 REPEAT  
0060   WAIT  
0070 UNTIL esc 
0080 PRINT "Thank you." 
0090 TRAP ESC+ // enable the break keys.
0100 END "Done"


0010 page 
0020 done:=false // init
0030 total:=0 // init
0040 REPEAT  
0050   INPUT "Number (0=stop): ": num 
0060   total:+num // add to total
0070   IF num=0 THEN done:=true 
0080 UNTIL done 
0090 PRINT "Total was";total 
0100 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "Assigning a new UNIT with the" 
0030 PRINT "UNIT <dev$>   command is converted" 
0040 PRINT "into a CHDIR command. You also" 
0050 PRINT "can use UNIT$ like DIR$ to get" 
0060 PRINT "the current unit." 
0070 PRINT  
0080 current$:=unit$ 
0090 PRINT "Current unit is";unit$ 
0100 PRINT "Changing it to the ram drive." 
0110 CHDIR "ram:" 
0120 PRINT "Now the current unit is";unit$ 
0130 PRINT  
0140 PRINT "Putting it back the way it was..." 
0150 CHDIR current$ 
0160 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 total:=0 // init
0030 REPEAT  
0040   INPUT "Go past 100 - Enter number: ": num 
0050   total:+num 
0060 UNTIL total>100 
0070 PRINT "You just broke 100." 
0080 PRINT "Your total was";total 
0090 END "Done" 


0010 USE TYPE // it is in the :packages directory
0020 page 
0030 PRINT "Here is the listing of this program:" 
0040 PRINT  
0050 type("use.lst") 
0060 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM money$ OF 40 
0030 money$:="In dollars up to 999.99: $-###.##" 
0040 REPEAT  
0050   INPUT "Enter amount (0=stop): ": amount 
0060   PRINT USING money$: amount 
0070 UNTIL amount=0 
0080 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM text$ OF 20 
0030 PRINT "Enter some numbers to test VAL." 
0040 PRINT "Watch the results." 
0050 PRINT  
0060 REPEAT  
0070   INPUT "Number (0=stop): ": text$ 
0080   PRINT val(text$) 
0090 UNTIL text$="0" 
0100 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 x:=0 
0030 s$:="anything" 
0040 DIM table(10,10) 
0050 PRINT varsize(x);"size of x variable area" 
0060 PRINT varsize(s$);"size of s$ variable area" 
0070 PRINT varsize(table(,));"size of table array area" 


0010 WAIT 1 // wait one second for execute window to initialize
0020 page 
0030 PRINT "starting" 
0040 starting:=timer 
0050 LOOP 10000 TIMES x:=10/3 
0060 PRINT USING "Time used: ##.##": timer-starting 
0070 END "Done"


0010 page 
0020 DIM choice$ OF 1 
0030 LOOP  
0040   INPUT "Enter a vowel (Q=Quit): ": choice$; 
0050   EXIT WHEN choice$ IN "Qq"  
0060   CASE choice$ OF  
0070   WHEN "A","a","E","e","I","i","O","o","U","u" 
0080     PRINT "Yes" 
0090   OTHERWISE  
0100     PRINT "Nope" 
0110   ENDCASE  
0120 ENDLOOP  
0130 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 yes:=0; errors:=0; maxerrors:=2 // init
0030 PRINT "You are allowed";maxerrors;"error", 
0040 IF maxerrors<>1 THEN PRINT "s", 
0050 PRINT "." 
0060 WHILE errors<maxerrors DO  
0070   num1:=rnd(1,98) 
0080   num2:=rnd(num1,99) // never smaller than num1
0090   PRINT "What is";num2;"minus";num1; 
0100   INPUT answer; 
0110   IF answer=num2-num1 THEN  
0120     yes:+1 
0130     PRINT "Yes" 
0140   ELSE  
0150     PRINT "No" 
0160     errors:+1 
0170   ENDIF  
0180 ENDWHILE  
0190 PRINT "Ooops -";errors;"error", 
0200 IF errors<>1 THEN PRINT "s", 
0210 PRINT " after";yes;"right." 
0220 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 PRINT "WRITE FILE can write the contents" 
0030 PRINT "of an entire array at one time." 
0040 PRINT  
0050 DIM table1(3,3) 
0060 DIM table2(3,3) 
0070 DIM newtable(3,3) 
0080 FOR x:=1 TO 3 DO  
0090   FOR y:=1 TO 3 DO  
0100     table1(x,y):=x+y 
0110     table2(x,y):=x*y 
0120   ENDFOR y 
0130 ENDFOR x 
0140 PRINT "Two tables are initialized." 
0150 PRINT  
0160 PRINT "Writing them to disk:" 
0170 filename1$:="table1.dat" 
0180 f:=freefile 
0190 OPEN FILE f,filename1$,WRITE  
0200 WRITE FILE f: table1(,) 
0210 CLOSE FILE f  
0220 filename2$:="table2.dat" 
0230 OPEN FILE f,filename2$,WRITE  
0240 WRITE FILE f: table2(,) 
0250 CLOSE FILE f  
0260 PRINT "Table values stored to disk." 
0270 PRINT  
0280 REPEAT  
0290   PRINT "Which do you want to retrieve" 
0300   INPUT "+ or * ---> ": reply$ 
0310 UNTIL reply$ IN "*+" 
0320 CASE reply$ OF  
0330 WHEN "*" 
0340   OPEN FILE f,filename2$,READ  
0350 WHEN "+" 
0360   OPEN FILE f,filename1$,READ  
0370 OTHERWISE  
0380   NULL 
0390 ENDCASE  
0400 READ FILE f: newtable(,) 
0410 CLOSE FILE f  
0420 PRINT "Newtable is initialized." 
0430 PRINT  
0440 FOR x:=1 TO 3 DO  
0450   FOR y:=1 TO 3 DO PRINT newtable(x,y); 
0460   PRINT  //new line
0470 ENDFOR x 
0480 END "Done" 


0010 page 
0020 DIM account$ OF 20 
0030 count:=0 
0040 PRINT "We will now write an" 
0050 PRINT "account name file." 
0060 PRINT "It could be used later" 
0070 PRINT "to expand coded accounts." 
0080 PRINT  
0090 f:=freefile 
0100 OPEN FILE f,"accountnames.dat",WRITE  
0110 WHILE NOT eod DO  
0120   READ account$ // from data statements
0130   count:+1 // next account number
0140   WRITE FILE f: account$ 
0150   PRINT "Account number";count;"-";account$ 
0160 ENDWHILE  
0170 CLOSE FILE f  
0180 END "Done" 
0190 DATA "Office supplies","Postage and shipping" 
0200 DATA "Professional fees","Advertising" 


0010 page 
0020 startzone:=zone // remember current zone setting
0030 PRINT "Current zone:";startzone, 
0040 PRINT ". Increasing zones..." 
0050 FOR temp:=0 TO 9 DO  
0060   ZONE temp 
0070   PRINT temp;"B";"Cc";"D" 
0080 ENDFOR temp 
0090 PRINT "Note: zone 1 and 2 are nearly alike." 
0100 PRINT  
0110 PRINT "The top three players in each game." 
0120 PRINT  
0130 ZONE 10 
0140 PRINT "Game";"First";"Second";"Third" 
0150 PRINT "----";"-----";"------";"-----" 
0160 PRINT 1;"Rhianon";"Sue";"Pam" 
0170 PRINT 2;"Pam";"Tom";"Richard" 
0180 PRINT 3;"Sue";"Timothy";"Rhianon" 
0190 PRINT 4;"Richard";"Rhianon";"Timothy" 
0200 ZONE startzone // back to original
0210 END "Done"